HSTM 4431 TU Industry Statistics Associated with Men & Women Soccer Team Essay Please use R-Studio and Word to finish this project. Please write a projec | Course Hero
HSTM 4431 TU Industry Statistics Associated with Men & Women Soccer Team Essay Please use R-Studio and Word to finish this project.
Please write a project report acording to the proposal and dataset in the attachment.
Project Report 100 Points
Required Components:
Cover Page
Table of Contents (including figures and tables)
Rationale for the Study
Research Questions: (minimum of 3 for final submission)
Variables and Definitions
Categorical (factor) Variables: (must have at least 4 categorical variables)
Measured (numeric) Variables: (must have at least 10 measured variables)
Results Broken down by research questions See sample report
Statistical Analysis (as appropriate)
Tables (as appropriate)
Plots (always)
Instructions:
Individual project reports must follow APA style requirements Individual Project Proposal and Dataset
Part 1 Proposal 50 Points
Name: Xinyu Liu
Title of Project: Key industry Statistics Associated with Mens Soccer Team (USMNT) and
Womens Soccer Team (USWNT)
Rationale for the Study: Understanding the Key factors associated with soccer plays and
matches to enhance competitiveness of a soccer team.
Research Questions:
1.
To what extent does age impact overall competitiveness of soccer teams?
Grouping people on the basis of chronological age is commonly used in fields like
education and sports. Athletes born in the first months of a year usually have
cognitive and physical development differences to those born in the last months of
the exact same year. This explains why competitive teams tend to select older
players more often than young ones. Age differences between athletes born in the
same year as well as an over-representation of older players are known as the
Relative have a tendency to something called Age Effect. This effect is described indepth in young and major team sports such as basketball, volleyball or, ice-hockey,
as well as in soccer. In sports coaches and trainers often group players by their age
to ensure the same and equal opportunities of success through an established year
of activity. Teams are put into age groups year over year with the first of January
being the cut-off deadline. The relative age effect is important because the physical
attributes are related to an increased chronological age and has been identified in
many upsides such as strength, endurance and techniques.
2.
How does penalty statistics for USWNT compare to USMNT?
The USMNT on several aspects is more competitive than the USMNT but when it
comes to penalty statistics, the USMNT seems to be leading although their victory
count is far less. The USMNT leads the USWNT by 12% more on the rate of penalty.
Several factors come into play when it comes to a particular study of the reasons
behind this without going into gender discrimination debates. The USMNT penalty
shootouts are inconsistent as there is rarely the dominant team on the field by
contrast to the UWNT who is far more apt at handling penalty shootout because of a
drive-in competition.
3.
How does the USWNT pay compare to that of the USMNT?
There is a certain noise in the public opinion on the matter of equal pay in regards to
the USMNTs pay. The USWNT has won several World Cup tournaments. The
USMNT in contrast has won none. The USWNT generated $900,000 for the fiscal
year 2016-2018. $3,662,480 is the amount spent on development for the USWNT in
2016 while $7,438,159 was the amount spent on the USMNT in the same year. The
USWNT had projected revenue of $11,400,000 for the events in 2018 while the men
generated $10,325,000. Both teams get paid a salary of $100,000 a year but their
bonuses are much smaller. In terms of bonuses they get between $6000-$9000 less.
For instance, the per diem for the USWNT team is $60 and the per diem for the
USMNT is $75.
4.
How does the USWNT compare to the USMNT world cup victories?
The USWNT has won 4 World Cup in eight tournaments with the latest being in 2019
while the USMNT has none. The only accomplishment of the USMNT on World Cup
level is actually finishing third in 1930.
5.
How does the USWNT compare to the USMNT on gold medal?
The USMNT has won two gold medals in contrast to the USWNT that won four gold
medals.
6.
By how much does the USMNT lead in terms of per capita salary compared to
the USMNT?
In 2015, after winning the World Cup, Carli Lloyd of the USWNT had a salary of
$240,019 while Clint Dempsey had a salary of $428,022 after losing the round of 16
in the World Cup in 2014.
Variables and Definitions:
Categorical (factor) Variables:
1. Age Age of the Player
2. Gender Gender of the Player
3. Handedness Left Handed or Right Handed
4. Height Height of the player
5. Weight Weight of the Player
6. Ethnicity Ethnicity of the player
7. Educational Level Educational level of the player
8. Hair color Hair color of the player
Measured (numeric) Variables:
1. Number of games played
2. Number of victories
3. Number of losses
4. Number of penalties shot
5. Number of draws
6. Number of goals shot
7. Average assists by player
8. Average goals per game
9. Average penalty per game
10. Average red card per game
11. Average yellow card per game
12. Average player dismissal
Running Head: D-I Spending and Efficiencies
An Analysis of NCAA Division-I Spending and Efficiencies
Joe Horn
Troy University
1
CONTENTS
I
Table of Contents
Rationale for the Study ………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
Research Questions ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
Variables and Definitions……………………………………………………………………………………. 2
Results Research Question # 1 ………………………………………………………………………… 3
Results Research Question # 2 ………………………………………………………………………… 4
Results Research Question # 3 ………………………………………………………………………… 5
List of Tables
Table 1 Athletics Aid in Millions at Private Schools and State Schools 2017-2018 …… 4
Table 2 – Athletics Expenses in Millions in Power 5 Conferences 2016-2018 …………….. 5
List of Figures
Figure 1 – Total Athletics Expenses and Directors’ Cup Points 2016-2018 ………………… 4
Figure 2 – Athletics Aid at Private Schools and State Schools 2017-2018 …………………. 5
Figure 3 – Athletics Expenses in Millions at Power 5 Schools 2016-2018 ………………….. 6
D-I Spending and Efficiencies
2
Rationale for the Study
It is important to understand key factors associated with developing a successful
NCAA Division-I athletics program. Furthermore, it is important to have reasonable
ways for schools to compare their performance to other schools similarly situated rather
than the entire group as a whole. In doing so, administrators and practitioners can make
informed decisions on how to best allocate funding and other resources.
Research Questions
1. To what extent was spending correlated with Directors’ Cup points at power 5
schools during the combined seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018?
2. Was there a significant difference in total athletics aid between private schools
and state schools during the 2017-2018 season?
3. Was there a significant difference in spending between the power 5 conferences
during the combined seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018?
Variables and Definitions
1
school
School Name
24 mcruitm1
Male Recruiting Expenses
2016-2017
2
state
State Where School is
Located
25 mcruitm2
Male Recruiting Expenses
2017-2018
3
class
Classification of School (state
school or private school)
26 mcruitf
Total Male Recruiting
Expenses 2016-2018
4
conf
Athletics Conference the
School Belongs to
27 fcruitm1
Female Recruiting Expenses
2016-2017
5
div
Division of School (DI, FCS,
FBS, Power-5)
28 fcruitm2
Female Recruiting Expenses
for 2017-2018
6
ms
Number of Men’s Sports
29 fcruitmf
Total Female Recruiting
Expenses 2016-2018
7
ws
Number of Women’s Sports
30 tcruitm1
Total Recruiting Expenses
2016-2017
8
ts
Total Number of Sports
31 tcruitm2
Total Recruiting Expenses
2017-2018
D-I Spending and Efficiencies
3
Average Full Time Male
Undergraduate Enrollment
32 tcruitmf
Total Recruiting Expenses
2016-2018
10 afen
Average Full Time Female
Undergraduate Enrollment
33 expm1
Total Athletics Expenses
2016-2017
11 aten
Average Full Time
Undergraduate Enrollment
34 expm2
Total Athletics Expenses
2017-2018
12 amath
Average Number of Male
Athletes
35 expmf
Total Athletics Expenses
2016-2018
13 afath
Average Number of Female
Athletes
36 nf1
Directors’ Cup Points
Fall 2016-2017 Season
14 atath
Average Number of Total
Athletes
37 nf2
Directors’ Cup Points
Fall 2017-2018 Season
15 maidm1
Male Athletic Aid
2016-2017
38 nff
Directors’ Cup Points
Fall 2016-2018 Seasons
16 maidm2
Male Athletic Aid
2017-2018
39 nw1
Directors’ Cup Points
Winter 2016-2017 Season
17 maidmf
Total Male Athletic Aid
2016-2018
40 nw2
Directors’ Cup Points
Winter 2017-2018 Season
9
amen
18 faidm1
19 faidm2
Female Athletic Aid
2016-2017
Female Athletic Aid
2017-2018
41 nwf
42 ns1
Directors’ Cup Points
Winter 2016-2018 Seasons
Directors’ Cup Points
Spring 2016-2017 Season
20 faidmf
Total Female Athletic Aid
2016-2018
43 ns2
Directors’ Cup Points
Spring 2017-2018 Season
21 taidm1
Total Athletic Aid
2016-2017
44 nsf
Directors’ Cup Points
Spring 2016-2018 Seasons
22 taidm2
Total Athletic Aid
2017-2018
45 ntot1
Total Directors’ Cup Points
2016-2017 Season
23 taidmf
Total Athletic Aid
2016-2018
46 ntot2
Total Directors’ Cup Points
2017-2018 Season
47 ntotf
Total Directors’ Cup Points
2016-2018 Seasons
Results Research Question # 1
Research Question # 1 – To what extent was spending correlated with Directors’ Cup
points at power 5 schools during the combined seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018?
To answer research question # 1 a scatterplot was developed showing the
relationship between grand total athletics expenses and total Directors’ Cup points at
the Power 5 schools. Based on the scatterplot, results indicate spending was strongly
D-I Spending and Efficiencies
4
correlated with total points earned in the Directors’ Cup competition for the span of
2016-2018.
Figure 1 – Total Athletics Expenses and Directors’ Cup Points 2016-2018
Results Research Question # 2
Research Question # 2 – Was there a significant difference in total athletics aid between
private schools and state schools during the 2017-2018 season?
To examine athletics aid at both private schools and state schools, a comparison
of means table was generated.
Table 1 Athletics Aid in Millions at Private Schools and State Schools 2017-2018
School Classification
n
M
SD
Private Schools
110
9.19
4.89
State Schools
230
7.17
4.25
D-I Spending and Efficiencies
5
Following the comparison of means, a histogram and density plot were
developed to visualize the results. The histogram and density plot reveal a positively
skewed distribution of aid at private and state schools.
Figure 2 – Athletics Aid at Private Schools and State Schools 2017-2018
Results Research Question # 3
Research Question # 3 – Was there a significant difference in spending between the
power 5 conferences during the combined seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018?
To examine grand total athletics expenses between the power 5 conferences for
2016-2018, a comparison of means table was generated:
Table 2 – Athletics Expenses in Millions in Power 5 Conferences 2016-2018
Conference
n
M
SD
ACC
15
192.94
47.37
Big 12
10
208.90
72.28
Big Ten
14
223.66
57.83
Pac 12
12
197.78
38.19
SEC
14
238.39
48.79
D-I Spending and Efficiencies
Following the comparison of means, a violin/point/text repel plot was developed
to demonstrate each schools spending as well as the distribution of spending by
conference affiliation. The conference with the highest average distribution of athletics
expenses was the SEC and the conference with the lowest average distribution of
athletics expenses was the ACC.
Figure 3 – Athletics Expenses in Millions at Power 5 Schools 2016-2018
6
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